Acne Information

Pimples are a common skin condition caused by clogged or inflamed oil glands or an increased presence of pimple-causing bacteria on your skin. They’re a symptom of acne, and there are many different types, including blackheads, whiteheads, cysts and others. Treatments include home remedies and over-the-counter and prescription pills and gels.

Pimples are small growths on the surface of your skin. They may become inflamed or discolored. Acne typically causes pimples to develop, most commonly on your face, chest, shoulders and upper back.

Pimples typically affect teenagers (adolescents) and young adults undergoing hormonal changes. However, they can affect babies, and many adults continue to have pimples into their 20s, 30s and beyond. Some even develop pimples for the first time as adults.

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Pimples are very common. Some researchers suggest that pimples affect nearly everyone at some time during their lives. They’re most common during adolescence, but adults may have them, too.

Your face (especially your nose, chin and forehead, and sometimes your cheeks or around your lips), neck, back, chest and upper arms are most likely to develop pimples. However, oil glands are all over your body. They release an oily lubricant called sebum that helps keep your skin and hair hydrated and shiny. As a result, though it isn’t common, pimples sometimes appear on your eyelids (styes), butt, ears, scalp, armpits (axilla) and external genitals (penis or labia).

Pimples don’t seriously affect your physical health, but they can affect you psychosocially (how society and social groups affect your mind) and psychologically (your self-perception and behavior). They’re sometimes associated with anxiety, depression, mood disorders and suicidal thoughts.

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Sometimes, skin gets irritated by things it comes in contact with and pimples develop. Most people think of acne when they think of pimples. Oil glands (sebaceous glands) are located all over your body. Clogs or inflammation in your sebaceous glands cause pimples to form. Clogs and inflammation can occur as a result of:

Pimples are easy to recognize, so you don’t necessarily need a healthcare professional to diagnose them. But your healthcare provider can diagnose pimples during a skin exam.

They may ask if you’re undergoing significant stress or if you have a family history of pimples, which are risk factors. If you menstruate, your healthcare provider may ask about your menstrual cycles, as pimple breakouts are sometimes related. Sudden, severe pimple outbreaks in people 50 years of age or older can sometimes signal another underlying disease that requires medical attention.

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If you have severe pimples (cystic acne), see a dermatologist for treatment. Dermatologists are doctors who specialize in conditions that affect your skin, hair and nails.

If your pimples don’t go away with nonprescription medications, your healthcare provider may recommend prescription medications, including antibiotics and oral hormone replacement.

While home remedies are safe for most people, it’s a good idea to check with your healthcare provider before trying some of the following options. You may be at risk of developing an allergic reaction.

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Popping pimples can be very tempting — and satisfying. However, it’s best if you don’t squeeze or pop your pimples. Squeezing pimples can cause several problems, including:

Pimples usually last between three and seven days. Most pimples go away on their own, but it may take some time. Deep pimples (pimples under your skin with no head that may feel hard to the touch) may take a few weeks to go away, if not longer.

Healthcare providers and researchers once believed that certain foods might contribute to the development of pimples, especially skim milk, whey protein and diets high in sugar (including chocolate). However, that may not be true. The research between diet and pimples isn’t clear.

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You can also use over-the-counter acne medications like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. These come in many forms. A wash is the least irritating.

Pimples often go away in early adulthood, though some people will continue having them throughout their lives. Your healthcare provider can help you manage your pimples.

If you get a large outbreak of pimples at once or if you have pimples that get large, discolored or painful, you should see your healthcare provider.

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Boils (furuncles) are pus-filled bumps that develop deep in your skin. They usually begin as discolored bumps, which quickly increase in size and fill with pus. The bacteria

Cold sores are tiny blisters that appear on your lips and around your mouth. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes cold sores, and the virus is highly contagious. You can spread cold sores very easily through saliva or close contact with another person who has a cold sore outbreak — often through kissing or sharing utensils, straws, towels or lip balm.

Pimples don’t form on your lips or inside your mouth. You can’t spread pimples through saliva or close contact with another person who has pimples.

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Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes painful blisters on your genitals. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causes genital herpes, and the virus is highly contagious. You can spread genital herpes very easily through saliva, semen and vaginal secretions through sexual intercourse and other forms of skin-to-skin contact.

Pimples on your genitals usually aren’t painful. They can appear in areas of your skin that press tightly against your underwear or clothing, which causes dirt, oil and sweat to accumulate and clog your pores. You can’t spread genital pimples through sexual intercourse or other forms of skin-to-skin contact.

Pimples are a common skin condition that affects most people, especially adolescents. Because it mainly affects teenagers, many people think pimples are part of the transition from childhood to adulthood and don’t see a healthcare provider about them. But despite how common they are, they can severely affect your mental health and cause permanent skin damage. If you notice symptoms of anxiety or depression due to the presence of pimples, talk to your healthcare provider.

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Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. PolicyThe skin is covered in hundreds of microscopic hair follicles, often known as pores, and many of these, especially on the face, neck, back and chest, are close to grease glands called sebaceous glands that produce an oily product called sebum, which flows out of the pores. These follicles sometimes overproduce cells and become blocked, trapping the sebum and preventing it from draining to the surface of the skin. Bacteria that normally live on the skin surface thrive in this oily environment. This can lead to inflammation that we all recognise as acne spots. The most common bacteria involved in acne is called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes).

All acne spots (also known as lesions) start out as microcomedones, which are invisible to the eye but can be seen under a microscope if a sample of acne-prone skin is examined. The different acne lesions include:

Acne if the eighth most common disease worldwide and affects 85% of people (both male and female) between the ages of 14 and 25 years. Although acne is classically a disease of adolescence, it is now found to be starting sooner and lasting longer (not in everyone but in general). This earlier onset is believed to be due to things like lifestyle factors (such as childhood obesity), which can cause earlier onset of puberty.

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Acne starts earlier in girls than boys – some primary school children will have acne spots. A rise in hormone levels in the bloodstream typically occurs before puberty. The earlier the acne starts, the worse it may become. Nevertheless, some people develop acne for the first time well after their teenage years.

Acne is self-limiting in that it won’t last forever, even without treatment. Whilst some people have a few spots for a couple of years, others can have acne for many years. Many people find their acne clears by their mid-20s but some will continue to have problems into their 30s and 40s. Persistent acne (lasting beyond teenage years) is more common in women than men and is sometimes associated with hormonal abnormalities.

Many people self-treat their acne with over-the-counter remedies and less than half present to their doctors. Delay in treatment can lead to significant problems with physical and emotional scarring. If your acne is persisting make sure you ask your pharmacist or doctor about possible treatments.

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A lot of the ongoing research into acne is focusing on the bacteria that cause the inflammation. Researchers have started to look for different strains of P. acnes to see if some of these are more specific to acne and/or might cause more severe acne. Other researchers have looked at the genetic code of the bacteria and found the genes responsible for producing enzymes that might be involved in acne. The next step is to find a therapy against these enzymes. Other researchers have suggested that viruses on the skin (a type of bacteriophage) may be able to kill the acne-producing bacteria and could possibly be used as a treatment in the future.